hacktricks/stego/stego-tricks.md

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Stego Tricks

Some info was taken from https://0xrick.github.io/lists/stego/ and from https://github.com/DominicBreuker/stego-toolkit****

Extracting data from all files

Binwalk

Binwalk is a tool for searching binary files like images and audio files for embedded files and data.
It can be installed with apt however the source can be found on github.
Useful commands:
binwalk file : Displays the embedded data in the given file
binwalk -e file : Displays and extracts the data from the given file
binwalk --dd ".*" file : Displays and extracts the data from the given file

Foremost

Foremost is a program that recovers files based on their headers , footers and internal data structures , I find it useful when dealing with png images. You can select the files that foremost extract by changing the config file in /etc/foremost.conf.
It can be installed with apt however the source can be found on github.
Useful commands:
foremost -i file : extracts data from the given file.

Exiftool

Sometimes important stuff is hidden in the metadata of the image or the file , exiftool can be very helpful to view the metadata of the files.
You can get it from here
Useful commands:
exiftool file : shows the metadata of the given file

Exiv2

A tool similar to exiftool.
It can be installed with apt however the source can be found on github.
Official website
Useful commands:
exiv2 file : shows the metadata of the given file

File

Check out what kind of file you have

Strings

Extract strings from the file.
Useful commands:
strings -n 6 file: Extact the strings with min length of 6
strings -n 6 file | head -n 20: Extact first 20 strings with min length of 6
strings -n 6 file | tail -n 20: Extact last 20 strings with min length of 6
strings -e s -n 6 file: Extact 7bit strings
strings -e S -n 6 file: Extact 8bit strings
strings -e l -n 6 file: Extact 16bit strings little-endian
strings -e b -n 6 file: Extact 16bit strings big-endian
strings -e L -n 6 file: Extact 32bit strings little-endian
strings -e B -n 6 file: Extact 32bit strings big-endian

Extracting hidden data in text

Hidden data in spaces

If you find that a text line is bigger than it should, then some hidden information could by included inside the spaces usnig invisible characters.󐁈󐁥󐁬󐁬󐁯󐀠󐁴󐁨
To extract the data you can use: https://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=security/unicode-steganography-homoglyph-encoder

Extracting data from images

identify

GraphicMagick tool to check what kind of image a file is. Checks also if image is corrupted.
identify -verbose stego.jpg

Steghide [JPEG, BMP, WAV, AU]

Steghide is a steganography program that hides data in various kinds of image and audio files , only supports these file formats : JPEG, BMP, WAV and AU. but its also useful for extracting embedded and encrypted data from other files.
It can be installed with apt however the source can be found on github.
Useful commands:
steghide info file : displays info about a file whether it has embedded data or not.
steghide extract -sf file [--passphrase password] : extracts embedded data from a file [using a password]

You can also extract content from steghide using the web: https://futureboy.us/stegano/decinput.html

Bruteforcing Steghide: stegcracker stegcracker <file> [<wordlist>]

Zsteg [PNG, BMP]

zsteg is a tool that can detect hidden data in png and bmp files.
Install it : gem install zsteg , The source can be found on github
Useful commands:
zsteg -a file : Runs all the methods on the given file
zsteg -E file : Extracts data from the given payload example : zsteg -E b4,bgr,msb,xy name.png

stegoVeritasJPG, PNG, GIF, TIFF, BMP

A wide variety of simple and advanced checks. Check out stegoveritas.py -h. Checks metadata, creates many transformed images and saves them to a directory, Brute forces LSB, ...
stegoveritas.py stego.jpg to run all checks

Stegsolve

Sometimes there is a message or a text hidden in the image itself and in order to view it you need to apply some color filters or play with the color levels. You can do it with GIMP or Photoshop or any other image editing software but stegsolve made it easier. its a small java tool that applies many color filters on images. Personally i find it very useful
You can get it from github
Just open the image with this tool and clinck on the < > buttons.

FFT

Find hidden content using Fast Fourier T
Check it in:

Stegpy [PNG, BMP, GIF, WebP, WAV]

A program for encoding information in image and audio files through steganography. It can store it in plain and encrypted.
Find it in github.

Pngcheck

Get details on a PNG file or find out is is actually something else.
apt-get isntall pngcheck: Install the tool
pngcheck stego.png : Obtain info

Other tools

Extracting data from audios

Steghide [JPEG, BMP, WAV, AU]

Stegpy [PNG, BMP, GIF, WebP, WAV]

ffmpeg

ffmpeg can be used to check integrity of audio files and let it report infos and errors.
ffmpeg -v info -i stego.mp3 -f null -

Wavsteg [WAV]

WavSteg is a python3 tool that can hide data using least significant bit in wav files and can also extract data from wav files.
You can get it from github
Useful commands:
python3 WavSteg.py -r -b 1 -s soundfile -o outputfile : Extracts to output taking only 1 lsb
python3 WavSteg.py -r -b 2 -s soundfile -o outputfile : Extracts to output taking only 2 lsb

Deepsound

Hide information encrypted using AES-265
Download from the oficial page.
Run it and open the file and check if DeepSound finds any data hidden, in taht case you will need to provide the password.

Sonic visualizer

Sonic visualizer is a tool for viewing and analyzing the contents of audio files, however it can be helpful when dealing with audio steganography. You can reveal hidden shapes in audio files.
You should always check the spectrogram of the audio.
Offical Website

DTMF Tones - Dial tones

Other tricks

Binary length SQRT - QR Code

If you receibe a length of a binary data whose SQRT is an entire number, think that it can be some kind of QR code:

import math
math.sqrt(2500) #50

From "1"s and "0"s to image: https://www.dcode.fr/binary-image
Read a QR code: https://online-barcode-reader.inliteresearch.com/

Braile

https://www.branah.com/braille-translator