110 lines
5.7 KiB
Markdown
110 lines
5.7 KiB
Markdown
# Special HTTP headers
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## Wordlists
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* [https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/tree/master/Miscellaneous/web/http-request-headers](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/tree/master/Miscellaneous/web/http-request-headers)
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## Headers to Change Location
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Rewrite **IP source**:
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* `X-Originating-IP: 127.0.0.1`
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* `X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1`
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* `X-Forwarded: 127.0.0.1`
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* `Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1`
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* `X-Remote-IP: 127.0.0.1`
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* `X-Remote-Addr: 127.0.0.1`
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* `X-ProxyUser-Ip: 127.0.0.1`
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* `X-Original-URL: 127.0.0.1`
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* `Client-IP: 127.0.0.1`
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* `True-Client-IP: 127.0.0.1`
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* `Cluster-Client-IP: 127.0.0.1`
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* `X-ProxyUser-Ip: 127.0.0.1`
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* `Via: 1.0 fred, 1.1 127.0.0.1`
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* `Connection: close, X-Forwarded-For` \(Check hop-by-hop headers\)
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Rewrite **location**:
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* `X-Original-URL: /admin/console`
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* `X-Rewrite-URL: /admin/console`
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## Hop-by-Hop headers
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A hop-by-hop header is a header which is designed to be processed and consumed by the proxy currently handling the request, as opposed to an end-to-end header.
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* `Connection: close, X-Forwarded-For`
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{% page-ref page="../../pentesting-web/abusing-hop-by-hop-headers.md" %}
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## HTTP Request Smuggling
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* `Content-Length: 30`
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* `Transfer-Encoding: chunked`
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{% page-ref page="../../pentesting-web/http-request-smuggling.md" %}
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## Cache Headers
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**Server Cache Headers**:
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* **`X-Cache`** in the response may have the value **`miss`** when the request wasn't cached and the value **`hit`** when it is cached
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* **`Cache-Control`** indicates if a resource is being cached and when will be the next time the resource will be cached again: `Cache-Control: public, max-age=1800`
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* **`Vary`** is often used in the response to **indicate additional headers** that are treated as **part of the cache key** even if they are normally unkeyed.
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* **`Age`** defines the times in seconds the object has been in the proxy cache.
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{% page-ref page="../../pentesting-web/cache-deception.md" %}
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**Local Cache headers**:
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* `Clear-Site-Data`: Header to indicate the cache that should be removed: `Clear-Site-Data: "cache", "cookies"`
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* `Expires`: Contains date/time when the response should expire: `Expires: Wed, 21 Oct 2015 07:28:00 GMT`
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* `Pragma: no-cache` same as `Cache-Control: no-cache`
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* `Warning`: The **`Warning`** general HTTP header contains information about possible problems with the status of the message. More than one `Warning` header may appear in a response. `Warning: 110 anderson/1.3.37 "Response is stale"`
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## Conditionals
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* Requests using these headers: **`If-Modified-Since`** and **`If-Unmodified-Since`** will be responded with data only if the response header**`Last-Modified`** contains a different time.
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* Conditional requests using **`If-Match`** and **`If-None-Match`** use an Etag value so the web server will send the content of the response if the data \(Etag\) has changed. The `Etag` is taken from the HTTP response.
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* The **Etag** value is usually **calculated based** on the **content** of the response. For example, `ETag: W/"37-eL2g8DEyqntYlaLp5XLInBWsjWI"` indicates that the `Etag` is the **Sha1** of **37 bytes**.
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## Range requests
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* **`Accept-Ranges`**: Indicates if the server supports range requests, and if so in which unit the range can be expressed. `Accept-Ranges: <range-unit>`
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* **`Range`**: Indicates the part of a document that the server should return.
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* **`If-Range`**: Creates a conditional range request that is only fulfilled if the given etag or date matches the remote resource. Used to prevent downloading two ranges from incompatible version of the resource.
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* **`Content-Range`**: Indicates where in a full body message a partial message belongs.
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## Message body information
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* **`Content-Length`:** The size of the resource, in decimal number of bytes.
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* **`Content-Type`**: Indicates the media type of the resource
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* **`Content-Encoding`**: Used to specify the compression algorithm.
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* **`Content-Language`**: Describes the human language\(s\) intended for the audience, so that it allows a user to differentiate according to the users' own preferred language.
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* **`Content-Location`**: Indicates an alternate location for the returned data.
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From a pentest point of view this information is usually "useless", but if the resource is **protected** by a 401 or 403 and you can find some **way** to **get** this **info**, this could be **interesting.**
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For example a combination of **`Range`** and **`Etag`** in a HEAD request can leak the content of the page via HEAD requests:
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* A request with the header `Range: bytes=20-20` and with a response containing `ETag: W/"1-eoGvPlkaxxP4HqHv6T3PNhV9g3Y"` is leaking that the SHA1 of the byte 20 is `ETag: eoGvPlkaxxP4HqHv6T3PNhV9g3Y`
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## Server Info
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* `Server: Apache/2.4.1 (Unix)`
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* `X-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.3`
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## Controls
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* **`Allow`:** Lists the set of methods supported by a resource. `Allow: GET, POST, HEAD`
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* **`Expect`**: The **`Expect`** HTTP request header indicates expectations that need to be fulfilled by the server in order to properly handle the request.
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* No other expectations except `Expect: 100-continue` are specified currently. Informs recipients that the client is about to send a \(presumably large\) message body in this request and wishes to receive a [`100`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/100) \(Continue\) interim response.
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## Downloads
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* **`Content-Disposition`**: In a regular HTTP response, the **`Content-Disposition`** response header is a header indicating if the content is expected to be displayed _inline_ in the browser, that is, as a Web page or as part of a Web page, or as an _attachment_, that is downloaded and saved locally.
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* `Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="filename.jpg"`
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## Resources
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* [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers)
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