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Checklist for privilege escalation in Linux |
Checklist - Linux Privilege Escalation
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Best tool to look for Linux local privilege escalation vectors: LinPEAS
System Information
- Get** OS information**
- Check the PATH, any writable folder?
- Check env variables, any sensitive detail?
- Search for kernel exploits** using scripts **(DirtyCow?)
- **Check **if the **sudo version **is vulnerable
- ****Dmesg signature verification failed error?
- More system enum (date, system stats, cpu info, printers)
- Enumerate more defenses
Drives
- **List mounted **drives
- Any unmounted drive?
- Any creds in fstab?
Installed Software
- Check for** useful software**** installed**
- Check for vulnerable software installed
****Processes
- Is any unknown software running?
- Is any software with more privileges that it should have running?
- Search for** exploits for running processes** (specially if running of versions)
- Can you modify the binary of any running process?
- Monitor processes and check if any interesting process is running frequently
- Can you **read **some interesting **process memory **(where passwords could be saved)?
Scheduled/Cron jobs?
- Is the **PATH **being modified by some cron and you can **write **in it?
- Any **wildcard **in a cron job?
- Some modifiable script is being **executed **or is inside modifiable folder?
- Have you detected that some **script **could be being **executed **very frequently? (every 1, 2 or 5 minutes)
Services
- Any writable .service file?
- Any writable binary executed by a service?
- Any writable folder in systemd PATH?
Timers
- Any writable timer?
Sockets
- Any** writable .socket **file?
- Can you communicate with any socket?
- HTTP sockets with interesting info?
D-Bus
- Can you communicate with any D-Bus?
Network
- Enumerate the network to know where you are
- Open ports you couldn't access before getting a shell inside the machine?
- Can you sniff traffic using
tcpdump
?
Users
- Generic users/groups enumeration
- Do you have a very big UID? Is the machine vulnerable?
- Can you escalate privileges thanks to a group you belong to?
- **Clipboard **data?
- Password Policy?
- Try to **use **every **known password **that you have discovered previously to login **with each **possible user. Try to login also without password.
Writable PATH
- If you have** write privileges over some folder in PATH** you may be able to escalate privileges
SUDO and SUID commands
- Can you execute any comand with sudo? Can you use it to READ, WRITE or EXECUTE anything as root? (GTFOBins)
- Is any exploitable suid binary? (GTFOBins)
- Are **sudo **commands **limited **by path? can you **bypass **the restrictions?
- ****Sudo/SUID binary without path indicated?
- ****SUID binary specifying path? Bypass
- LD_PRELOAD vuln
- **Lack of .so library in SUID binary **from a writable folder?
- ****SUDO tokens available? Can you create a SUDO token?
- Can you read or modify sudoers files?
- Can you modify /etc/ld.so.conf.d/?
- OpenBSD DOAS** **command
Capabilities
- Has any binary any unexpected capability?
ACLs
- Has any file any unexpected ACL?
Open Shell sessions
- screen?
- tmux?
SSH
Interesting Files
- Profile files - Read sensitive data? Write to privesc?
- passwd/shadow files - Read sensitive data? Write to privesc?
- Check commonly interesting folders for sensitive data
- **Weird Localtion/Owned files, **you may have access or alter executable files
- **Modified **in last mins
- Sqlite DB files
- Hidden files
- Script/Binaries in PATH
- **Web files **(passwords?)
- Backups?
- Known files that contains passwords: Use **Linpeas **and LaZagne
- Generic search
Writable Files
- Modify python library to execute arbitrary commands?
- Can you modify log files? **Logtotten **exploit
- Can you modify /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/? Centos/Redhat exploit
- Can you write in ini, int.d, systemd or rc.d files?
Other tricks
- Can you abuse NFS to escalate privileges?
- Do you need to escape from a restrictive shell?
If you want to know about my latest modifications/additions or you have any suggestion for HackTricks or PEASS, join the 💬 PEASS & HackTricks telegram group here, or follow me on Twitter 🐦@carlospolopm.
**If you want to share some tricks with the community **you can also submit **pull requests to https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks **that will be reflected in this book.
Don't forget to give ⭐ on the github to motivate me to continue developing this book.
Buy me a coffee here****